Heat insulation chamber, thermostatic chamber and cryostat

ABSTRACT

A heat insulation chamber according to the present invention is a heat insulation chamber which is made of heat insulating material and forms an inner chamber for accommodating an electronic part. 
     This heat insulation chamber achieves coupling between the electronic part accommodated in the inner chamber formed within a cabinet and the outside of the cabinet by a radio transmission path or a coupling path by static coupling or inductive coupling. 
     A thermostatic chamber and a cryostat according to the present invention comprise the aforementioned heat insulation chamber, a heat exchanger mounted in the heat insulation chamber, and a thermoregulator which maintains the temperature of the inner chamber accommodating the electronic part at an operating temperature of the electronic part through the heat exchanger. 
     Equipments which adopt any heat insulation chambers, thermostatic chambers, or cryostats can be maintained so to have desired characteristics in a stable condition and accurately with their physical size kept from increasing greatly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a heat insulation chamber which is madeof heat insulating material and forms an inner chamber for storing anelectronic part, and a thermostatic chamber and a cryostat to which theheat insulation chamber is applied.

2. Description of the Related Art

In recent years, many electronic equipments, which are required to havehigh performance and reliability, are mounted with a thermostaticchamber which accommodates an device applied in order to obtain a stableoperating environment with high reliability, has a loose thermalcoupling to the outside, and maintains the operating temperature of thedevice in a desired range.

Also, in recent years, telecommunication technology has progressedremarkably, and to the main part of communication equipment whichconfigures the communication system, minimizing insertion losses andimproving noise figures is severely required.

However, the minimization of insertion losses and the improvement ofnoise figures can be achieved by applying a superconductive filter and alow noise amplifier (LNA) operating at a cryogenic temperature.Therefore, many communication equipments are provided with cryostats formaintaining in a stable condition of an operating temperature ofsuperconductive filters and low noise amplifiers. Such electronic partsare configured of, for example, HEMT or the like.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an exemplary configuration of aconventional cryostat.

In the drawing, a cold head 142 is attached to the bottom of a box-likecabinet 141 which is made of heat insulating material, and an electronicpart 143, which operates at a cryogenic temperature, is mounted on thetop of the cold head 142. Respective through holes 144-1 and 144-2 areformed among the side walls of the cabinet 141, which faces the inputand output terminals of the electronic part 143. Respective ends ofcoaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 are connected to these input and outputterminals. These coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 are led to the outsideof the cabinet 141 through the through holes 144-1 and 144-2, which arethen sealed with the interior of the cabinet 141 maintained undervacuum. The cold head 142 is connected to a refrigerating machine 147through a pipe 146.

In the cryostat configured as described above, the cold head 142maintains the temperature of an inner chamber (hereinafter indicatedwith reference number “141A” allotted), which is sandwiched between theelectronic part 143 and the interior walls of the cabinet 141, at acryogenic temperature that the electronic part 143 operates at, byliquid helium circulating through the pipe 146 as a heating mediumbetween the cold head 142 and the refrigerating machine 147.

The electronic part 143 receives input signals given from a circuitdisposed outside of the cabinet 141 through the coaxial cable 145-1,performs a predetermined operation (e.g., filtering as thesuperconductive filter and amplifying as the low noise amplifier asdescribed above) to the input signals to generate output signals andfeeds the output signals to a circuit connected through the coaxialcable 145-2.

In other words, the operating temperature of the electronic part 143 ismaintained at a desired cryogenic temperature under the temperaturecontrol by the refrigerating machine 147, the pipe 146, and the coldhead 142, so that the electronic part 143 exhibits predeterminedcharacteristics and performance under the operating temperature andoperates in cooperation with the circuit disposed outside of the cabinet141 as described above.

In the conventional case described above, the coaxial cables 145-1 and145-2 are not only conductors but also heat conductors. Therefore, therefrigerating machine 147 unnecessarily consumed a large quantity ofelectric power to keep the operating temperature of the electronic part143 from rising by absorbing heat flowing from the outside of thecabinet 141 into the input and output terminals of the electronic part143 through the coaxial cables 145-1, 145-2.

Technologies for decreasing heat quantity of heat flowing in from theoutside as described above include, for example, a technology which usesa conductor with a low thermal conductivity for the inner conductor andouter conductor of the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 and a technologywhich sets the cross section of the inner conductor and outer conductorto a small value. But, none of such technologies have actually been usedbecause insertion losses of the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 increasedto an intolerable level.

And, when the quantity of heat flowing in from the outside through thecoaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 is large, either the operatingtemperature of the electronic part 143 is not secured, or it isnecessary to use a refrigerating machine having higher performance asthe refrigerating machine 147.

Moreover, in connecting the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 with theinput and output terminals of the electronic part 143, they aregenerally soldered directly, or, each plug previously fitted to thecoaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 is engaged to each receptacle which ispreviously soldered to the electronic part 143.

However, the thermal expansion coefficients of the input and outputterminals of the electronic part 143 and the receptacles or the coaxialcables 145-1 and 145-2 are generally considerably different.

Therefore, there has been a possibility of a disconnection or anunnecessary increase insertion losses between the coaxial cables 145-1and 145-2 and the input and output terminals of the electronic part 143during a large change in the temperature of the inner chamber 141A suchas at the moment of activating or stopping.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat insulationchamber, a thermostatic chamber, and a cryostat which maintain theoperating temperature efficiently and also maintain coupling with acircuit disposed outside in a stable condition.

It is also an object of the present invention to improve the performanceand reliability of electronic appliances as well as to reduce theircosts and dimentions.

The above-described objects are achieved by a heat insulation chamber,which comprises a cabinet which forms an inner chamber for accommodatingan electronic part and is made of heat insulating material; and couplingmeans which is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet, connectedto the electronic part, and forms a radio transmission path to anantenna disposed outside of the cabinet.

In this heat insulation chamber, the thermal conductivity of the radiotransmission path is generally smaller than that of a conductor, so thatheat flowing in and out between the outside and the inner chamber issuppressed more than in the prior art. Moreover, an antenna is notdisposed in the inner chamber formed by the cabinet.

Therefore, the electronic part of which the operating temperature ismaintained in a stable condition and is downsized, allowing themaintenance of high flexibility in arranging the cabinet's inner layout.

And, the above-described objects can be achieved by a heat insulationchamber, which comprises a cabinet which forms an inner chamber foraccommodating an electronic part and is made of heat insulatingmaterial; an antenna which is disposed in the inner chamber or thecabinet; a feeder which leads the feeding point of the antenna to theoutside of the cabinet;

and coupling means which is disposed in the inner chamber or thecabinet, connects the feeding point to the electronic part, and forms aradio transmission path to the antenna.

In this heat insulation chamber, the thermal conductivity of the radiotransmission path is generally smaller than that of a conductor, so heatflowing in and out between the outside and the inner chamber issuppressed more than in the prior art. Besides, both the antenna and thecoupling means are disposed in the inner chamber formed of the cabinet,so the transfer characteristics of the radio transmission path suddenlyor extensively changing hardly happens even when the outside environmentof the cabinet changed.

Therefore, the operating temperature and the operating environment ofthe electronic part are maintained in a stable condition.

The above-described objects can also be achieved by a heat insulationchamber, which comprises a cabinet which forms an inner chamber foraccommodating an electronic part and is made of heat insulatingmaterial; and coupling means which is disposed in the inner chamber orthe cabinet, is connected to the electronic part, and forms a couplingpath with a device disposed outside of the cabinet by static couplingand/or inductive coupling.

In such heat insulation chamber, the thermal conductivity of thecoupling path is generally considerably smaller than that of aconductor, so heat flowing in and out between the outside and the innerchamber is suppressed more than in the prior art. Besides, the device isnot disposed in the inner chamber formed by the cabinet.

Therefore, the electronic part of which the operating temperature ismaintained in a stable condition and is downsized, allowing themaintenance of high flexibility in arranging the cabinet's inner layout.

The above-described objects can also be achieved by a heat insulationchamber, which comprises a cabinet which forms an inner chamber foraccommodating an electronic part and is made of heat insulatingmaterial; a device which is disposed in the inner chamber or thecabinet; a conductor which leads the terminal of the device to theoutside of the cabinet; and coupling means which is disposed in theinner chamber or the cabinet, is connected to the electronic part, andforms a coupling path with the device by static coupling and/orinductive coupling.

In this heat insulation chamber, the thermal conductivity of the radiotransmission path is generally smaller than that of a conductor, so heatflowing in and out between the outside and the inner chamber issuppressed more than in the prior art. Besides, both the antenna and thecoupling means are disposed in the inner chamber formed of the cabinet,so the transfer characteristics of the radio transmission path suddenlyor extensively changing hardly happens even when the outside environmentof the cabinet changed.

Therefore, the operating temperature and the operating environment ofthe electronic part are maintained in a stable condition.

Besides, the above-described objects can be achieved by forming apartition between the outside of the cabinet and the inner chamber foraccommodating the electronic part and disposing the coupling meanstogether with the electronic part in the inner chamber.

According to such configuration, the coupling means is disposed togetherwith the electronic part in the inner chamber, so the operatingtemperature of the electronic part is maintained in a stable condition,the mechanical configuration is simplified, and coupling with theelectronic part can be made close.

The above-described objects can also be achieved by forming a partitionbetween the outside of the cabinet and the inner chamber foraccommodating the electronic part and disposing the coupling means in aregion sandwiched between the outer wall of the cabinet and the interiorwall of the inner chamber.

According to such configuration, the coupling means is disposed in aregion other than the inner chamber but within the outer walls of thecabinet.

Therefore, the radio transmission path or the coupling path is formedbetween the electronic part and the outside of the cabinet in a stablecondition without remarkable or sudden changes in transmissioncharacteristics and transfer characteristics owing to the environmentand the medium of the inner chamber where the electronic part isdisposed.

Besides, the above-described objects are achieved by forming the innerchamber as an aggregate of a plurality n of cells individually includingsubdomains which are formed by dividing a region where the electronicpart is to be disposed.

According to such configuration, thermal couplings among the cellsbecome loose.

Therefore, temperatures of respective parts of the electronic part areindividually varied due to the heat flowing in and out between theoutside and the inner chamber, and the changes in characteristics arelocalized due to the variations in temperatures.

The above-described objects are also achieved by configuring thecoupling means as an aggregate of a plurality K of coupling means whichare individually connected to a plurality K of terminals of theelectronic part and disposed in the inner chamber; and forming the innerchamber as an aggregate of a plurality K of cells in which pairs of theplurality K of terminals and the plurality K of coupling means arerespectively disposed, and which are divided by a conductor groundedoutside.

According to such configuration, the coupling among the cells issuppressed, and pairs of the coupling means and the terminals of theelectronic part individually connected to these coupling means arerespectively disposed in these cells.

Therefore, undesirable electric coupling in the inner chamber issuppressed or prevented.

The above-described objects can also be achieved by forming the innerchamber in the shape and size capable of containing a casing of theelectronic part.

According to such configuration, the electronic part is accommodated inthe inner chamber without having the casing removed.

Therefore, the operating temperature of the electronic part ismaintained in a stable condition in the heat protection configurationthat is formed in duplex structure by the interior of the casing and theinner chamber.

The above-described objects can also be achieved by the coupling meanshaving a filtering characteristic that has a pass band in an occupiedband of signals to be transmitted between the electronic part and theoutside through the coupling means.

According to such configuration, the band of the signals transmittedbetween the terminals of the electronic part and the equipments orcircuits disposed outside of the cabinet are limited to the occupiedband of the signals.

Therefore, noise given through the equipments or circuits or noisegenerated by the electronic part is suppressed.

The above-described object can also be achieved by setting a thermalconductivity between the outside of the cabinet and the inner chamber toa value that the temperature at which the electronic part operates ismaintained under the distribution of temperatures outside of thecabinet.

According to such configuration, the electronic part operates in astable condition without having means for raising or lowering thetemperatures of the inner chamber as long as the outside temperature ofthe cabinet shifts within the range of temperature distribution appliedwhen the thermal conductivity is determined.

Besides, the above-described objects can be achieved by a thermostaticchamber which comprises the heat insulation chamber configured asdescribed above; and a heat exchanging means that performs heat exchangewith an inner chamber formed in a cabinet under control of athermoregulator which maintains an operating temperature of theelectronic part accommodated into the cabinet configuring the heatinsulation chamber.

According to such configuration, when activated, the temperature of theinner chamber is set more quickly to a temperature at which theelectronic part operates under the heat exchange as compared with theheat insulation chamber in which the heat exchange is not performed atall, and the temperature thus set is securely maintained even under theenvironment that the outside temperature of the cabinet largely varies.

The above-described objects can also be achieved by a cryostat that isconfigured by the heat exchanging means that maintains the temperatureof the inner chamber at a cryogenic temperature that the electronic partis to operate under control of the thermoregulator.

By this cryostat, energy required for the heat exchange performed by theheat exchanging means is decreased because quantity of heat flowing fromthe outside of the cabinet into the inner chamber decreases more than inthe prior art.

Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following detailed description with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of the first heat insulationchamber according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the principle of the second heat insulationchamber according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the principle of the third heat insulationchamber according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the principle of the fourth heat insulationchamber according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the principle of the fifth heat insulationchamber according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the principle of a thermostatic chamber anda cryostat according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the first and seventh embodiments accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a coupling part of theembodiment;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another configuration of the firstembodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the second embodiment according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a coupling module;

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the third embodiment according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the fourth embodiment according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the fifth embodiment according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the sixth embodiment according to thepresent invention; and

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of aconventional cryostat.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The principle of a heat insulation chamber according to the presentinvention will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of the first insulationchamber according to the present invention.

The heat insulation chamber shown in FIG. 1 comprises a cabinet 12forming an inner chamber for accommodating an electronic part 11, anantenna 13 and a coupling means 14 which are respectively disposedoutside and inside of the cabinet 12, partitions 51-1 to 51-N formed bythe cabinetl2, and cells 12A-1 to 12A-n which are formed by dividing theinner chamber.

The first principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention is as follows.

The cabinet 12 forms the inner chamber for accommodating the electronicpart 11 and is made of heat insulating material.

The coupling means 14 is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet12, is connected to the electronic part 11, and forms a radiotransmission path to the antenna 13 which is disposed outside of thecabinet 12.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thefollowing functions.

The electronic part 11 is accommodated in the inner chamber formed bythe cabinet 12 that is made of heat insulating material.

The electronic part 11 transmits and/or receives desired radio signalsthrough the radio transmission path formed by the coupling means 14 withthe antenna 13 which is disposed outside of the cabinet 12 withequipments or circuits, to which a feeding point of the antenna 13 isconnected.

Thermal conductivity of such radio transmission paths are generallyconsiderably small as compared with that of a conductor, so heat whichflows from the outside into the inner chamber or flows out of the innerchamber is suppressed as compared with the above-described prior art inwhich the radio signals are transmitted through wire.

Therefore, the electronic part 11 can output the radio signals with anoperating temperature kept in a stable condition or can desirablyprocess the radio signals.

The inner chamber formed by the cabinet 12 does not have the antenna 13disposed, so it can be downsized and maintain high flexibility inarranging its inner layout.

Now, the second principle of the heat insulation chamber according tothe present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the second principle of the heat insulationchamber according to the present invention.

The heat insulation chamber shown in FIG. 2 comprises a cabinet 12forming an inner chamber in which an electronic part 11 is accommodated,an antenna 21 and a coupling means 23 which are disposed to face eachother in the cabinet 12, a feeder 22 for leading the feeding point ofthe antenna 21 to the outside, partitions 51-1 to 51-N formed by thecabinet 12, and cells 12A-1 to 12A-n which are formed by dividing theinner chamber.

The second principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention is as follows.

The cabinet 12 forms the inner chamber for accommodating the electronicpart 11 and is made of heat insulating material. The antenna 21 isdisposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet 12. The feeder 22 leads thefeeding point of the antenna 21 to the outside of the cabinet 12. Thecoupling means 23 is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet 12,has the feeding point connected to the electronic part 11 and forms aradio transmission path to the antenna 21.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thefollowing functions.

The electronic part 11 is accommodated in the inner chamber formed bythe cabinet 12 that is made of heat insulating material. The couplingmeans 23 is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet 12 and forms aradio transmission path to the antenna 21 which has the feeding pointleading to the outside of the cabinet 12 through the feeder 22. Theelectronic part 11 transmits and/or receives desired radio signalsthrough the radio transmission path with the equipments or circuitswhich are connected to the feeder 22 at the outside of the cabinet 12.

Thermal conductivity of the radio transmission path is generallyconsiderably small as compared with that of a conductor, so that heatwhich flows in and out between the outside and the inner chamber issuppressed as compared with the above-described prior art in which theradio signals are transmitted through wires.

Therefore, the electronic part 11 can output the radio signals with anoperating temperature kept in a stable condition or can desirablyprocess the radio signals.

The inner chamber formed by the cabinet 12 has the antenna 21 and thecoupling means 23 disposed, so the transfer characteristics of the radiotransmission path suddenly or extensively changing hardly happens evenwhen the outside environment of the cabinet 12 has changed.

Therefore, the operating environment of the electronic part 11 ismaintained in a stable condition.

The third principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the third principle of the heat insulationchamber according to the present invention.

The heat insulation chamber shown in FIG. 3 comprises a cabinet 12forming an inner chamber in which an electronic part 11 is accommodated,a device 31 and a coupling means 32 which are respectively disposedoutside and inside of the cabinet 12, partitions 51-1 to 51-N formed bythe cabinet 12, and cells 12A-1 to 12A-n which are formed by dividingthe inner chamber.

The third principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention is as follows.

The cabinet 12 forms the inner chamber in which the electronic part 11is accommodated, and is made of heat insulating material. The couplingmeans 32 is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet 12, isconnected to the electronic part 11 and forms a coupling path by staticcoupling and/or inductive coupling to the device 31 disposed outside ofthe cabinet 12.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thefollowing functions.

The electronic part 11 is accommodated in the inner chamber formed bythe cabinet 12 which is made of heat insulating material. Moreover, theelectronic part 11 transmits and/or receives desired signals with theequipments or circuits connected to the device 31, through a couplingpath which is formed between the coupling means 32 and the device 31disposed outside of the cabinet 12 by static coupling and/or inductivecoupling.

Thermal conductivity of the coupling path is generally considerablysmall as compared with that of a conductor, so that quantity of heatwhich flows in and out between the outside and the inner chamber issuppressed as compared with the prior art in which the signals aretransmitted through wires.

Therefore, the electronic part 11 can output the signals with theoperating temperature kept in a stable condition or can desirablyprocess the signals.

The inner chamber formed by the cabinet 12 does not have the device 31disposed, so it can be downsized, and allowing the maintenance of highflexibility in arranging its inner layout.

The fourth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the fourth principle of the heat insulationchamber according to the present invention.

The heat insulation chamber shown in FIG. 4 comprises a cabinet 12forming an inner chamber in which an electronic part 11 is accommodated,a device 41 and a coupling means 43 which are disposed to face eachother in the cabinet 12, a conductor 42 whose one end is connected tothe device and the other end of which is led to the outside of thecabinet 12, partitions 51-1 to 51-N formed by the cabinet 12, and cells12A-1 to 12A-n which are formed by dividing the inner chamber.

The fourth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention is as follows.

The cabinet 12 forms the inner chamber for accommodating the electronicpart 11 and is made of heat insulating material.

The device 41 is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet 12. Theconductor 42 leads a terminal of the device 41 to the outside of thecabinet 12. The coupling means 43 is disposed in the inner chamber orthe cabinet 12, is connected to the electronic part 11 and forms acoupling path with the device 41 by static coupling and/or inductivecoupling.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thefollowing functions.

Moreover, the electronic part 11 is accommodated in the inner chamberformed by the cabinet 12 which is made of heat insulating material. Thecoupling means 43 is disposed in the inner chamber or the cabinet 12,and forms a coupling path to the device 41, which is led to the outsideof the cabinet 12 through the conductor 42, by static coupling and/orinductive coupling.

The electronic part 11 transmits and/or receives desired radio signalswith the equipments or circuits which are connected to the conductor 41at the outside of the cabinet 12 through the coupling path.

Thermal conductivity of the coupling path is generally considerablysmall as compared with that of a conductor, so heat which flows in andout between the outside and the inner chamber is suppressed as comparedwith the prior art in which the signals are transmitted through wires.

Therefore, the electronic part 11 can output the signals with anoperating temperature kept in a stable condition or can desirablyprocess the signals.

The inner chamber formed by the cabinet 12 has the device 41 and thecoupling means 43 disposed inside, so the transfer characteristics ofthe coupling path suddenly or extensively changing hardly happens evenif the outside environment of the cabinet 12 has changed.

Therefore, the operating environment of the electronic part 11 ismaintained in a stable condition.

The fifth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.

The cabinet 12 forms the partitions 51-1 to 51-N between the outside andthe inner chamber in which the electronic part 11 is accommodated. Thecoupling means 14, 23, 32, and 43 are disposed together with theelectronic part 11 in the inner chamber.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thepartitions 51-1 to 51-N between the outside of the cabinet 12 and theinner chamber in which the electronic part 11 is accommodated, so asingle or multiple inner chamber(s) is/are formed in a layer between theinner chamber and the outside of the cabinet 12 by the partitions 51-1to 51-N.

Therefore, the operating temperature of the electronic part 11 ismaintained in a stable condition with the weight kept from increasing.

The coupling means 14, 23, 32, and 43 are disposed together with theelectronic part 11 in the inner chamber, so the mechanical configurationcan be simplified and coupling with the electronic part 11 can be madeclose as compared with the case that the coupling means 14, 23, 32, and43 are disposed in any of the inner chambers formed by the partitions51-1 to 51-N as described above.

The sixth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3.

The cabinet 12 forms the partitions 51-1 to 51-N between the outside andthe inner chamber in which the electronic part 11 is accommodated. Thecoupling means 14, 23, 32, and 43 are disposed in the region sandwichedbetween the outer wall of the cabinet 12 and the interior wall of theinner chamber.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thepartitions 51-1 to 51-N between the outside of the cabinet 12 and theinner chamber in which the electronic part 11 is accommodated, so that asingle or multiple inner chamber(s) is/are formed in a layer between theinner chamber and the outside of the cabinet 12 by the partitions 51-1to 51-N.

Therefore, the operating temperature of the electronic part 11 ismaintained in a stable condition with the weight kept from increasing.

The coupling means 14, 23, 32, and 43 are disposed within the side wallsof the cabinet 12 but in a region other than the above-described innerchambers, so that transmission characteristics and transfercharacteristics does not change remarkably or suddenly because of themedium or environment in the inner chambers where the electronic part 11is disposed and a radio transmission path or coupling path is formed ina stable condition between the electronic part 11 and the outside of thecabinet 12.

The seventh principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.

The inner chamber is formed as an aggregate of a plurality n of cells12A-1 to 12A-n individually including subdomains formed by dividing theregion where the electronic part 11 is disposed.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has the innerchamber, where the electronic part 11 is accommodated, formed as anaggregate of a plurality n of cells 12A-1 to 12A-n individuallyincluding subdomains formed by dividing the region where the electronicpart 11 is disposed.

Thermal coupling among the cells 12A-1 to 12A-n is loose, sotemperatures of respective parts of the electronic part 11 independentlyvary due to the heat flowing from the outside into the inner chamber orflowing out of the inner chamber, and the changes in characteristics arelocalized due to the variations in temperatures.

The eighth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the fifth principle of the heat insulationchamber according to the present invention.

The heat insulation chamber shown in FIG. 5 comprises a cabinet 12forming cells 62-1 to 62-K in which an electronic part 11 isaccommodated, coupling means 14-1 to 14-K, 23-1 to 23-K, 32-1 to 32-K,and 43-1 to 43-K individually disposed in the cells 62-1 to 62-K, andpartitions 51-1 to 51-N formed by the cabinet 12.

The eighth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention is as follows.

The coupling means 14, 23, 32, and 43 are individually connected to aplurality K of terminals 61-1 to 61-K of electronic part 11 and areconfigured as an aggregate of a plurality K of coupling means 14-1,23-1, 32-1, 43-1, . . . , 14-K, 23-K, 32-K, and 43-K disposed within theinner chamber. The inner chamber is formed as an aggregate of aplurality K of cells 62-1 to 62-K in which pairs of the plurality K ofterminals 61-1 to 61-K and the plurality K of coupling means 14-1, 23-1,32-1, 43-1, . . . , 14-K, 23-K, 32-K, and 43-K are individually disposedand are divided by a conductor which is grounded outside of the innerchamber.

The heat insulation chamber configured as described above has thefollowing functions.

The inner chamber in which the electronic part 11 is accommodated isformed as an aggregate of the plurality K of cells 62-1 to 62-K in whichthe pairs of the plurality K of terminals 61-1 to 61-K of the electronicpart 11 and the coupling means 14-1, 23-1, 32-1, 43-1, . . . , 14-K,23-K, 32-K, and 43-K respectively connected to the terminals 61-1 to61-K are individually disposed and are divided by the conductor groundedoutside of the inner chamber.

In other words, the cells 62-1 to 62-K are electrically shielded fromone another, and the pairs of the coupling means 14-1, 23-1, 32-1, 43-1,. . . , 14-K, 23-K, 32-K, and 43-K and the terminals 61-1 to 61-K of theelectronic part 11 individually connected to the coupling means 14-1,23-1, 32-1, 43-1, . . . , 14-K, 23-K, 32-K, and 43-K are individuallydisposed in the cells 61-1 to 62-K, so undesirable electric coupling issuppressed or prevented in the inner chamber.

The ninth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

The inner chamber is formed in the shape and size capable of containinga casing 11A in which the main body of the electronic part 11 isaccommodated.

In the heat insulation chamber configured as described above, theelectronic part 11 is accommodated in the unique casing 11A, and theinner chamber in which the electronic part 11 is accommodated is formedin the shape and size capable of containing the casing 11A.

In other words, the electronic part 11 is accommodated into the innerchamber without removing the casing 11A, so the operating temperature ofthe electronic part 11 is maintained in a stable condition in a heatprotection configuration which is formed in duplex structure by theinterior of the casing 11A and the inner chamber.

The tenth principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

The coupling means 14, 23, 32, and 43 have filtering characteristicswith a pass band in an occupied band of signals to be transmittedbetween the electronic part 11 and the outside through the couplingmeans 14, 23, 32, and 43.

In the heat insulation chamber configured as described above, the bandof signals to be transmitted between terminals of the electronic part 11and the equipments or circuits disposed outside of the cabinet 12 islimited to the occupied band of the signals so noise which is giventhrough the equipments or circuits or generated by the electronic part11 can be suppressed.

The eleventh principle of the heat insulation chamber according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

Thermal conductivity between the outside of the cabinet 12 and the innerchamber is set to a value that the temperature at which the electronicpart 11 operates is maintained under the distribution of temperaturesoutside of the cabinet 12.

In the heat insulation chamber configured as described above, theelectronic part 11 operates in a stable condition without having meansfor raising or lowering the temperatures of the inner chamber as long asthe outside temperature of the cabinet 12 shifts within the range of thetemperature distribution applied when the thermal conductivity isdetermined.

The principle of a thermostatic chamber according to the presentinvention will be described with reference to FIG. 6.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the principle of a thermostatic chamber anda cryostat according to the present invention.

The thermostatic chamber shown in FIG. 6 comprises a heat insulationchamber 71 according to the present invention described above, athermoregulator 72, and a heat exchanging means 73.

The principle of the thermostatic chamber according to the presentinvention is as follows.

The heat insulation chamber 71 is configured with the present inventiondescribed above applied. The heat exchanging means 73 exchanges heatwith the inner chamber formed in the cabinet 12 under control of thethermoregulator 72 which maintains the operating temperature of theelectronic part 11 accommodated in the cabinet 12 which configures theheat insulation chamber 71.

The thermostatic chamber configured as described above has the followingfunctions.

The heat exchanging means 73 exchanges heat with the inner chamberformed in the cabinet 12 under control of the thermoregulator 72 formaintaining the operating temperature of the electronic part 11accommodated in the cabinet 12 which configures the heat insulationchamber 71. A thermal conductivity of a coupling path and a radiotransmission path of signals transmitted between the electronic part 11and the equipments or circuits disposed outside of the cabinet 12 isconsiderably small as compared with that in the prior art which has atransmission path formed of a conductor.

Therefore, when activated, the temperature of the inner chamber is setmore quickly to a level at which the electronic part 11 operates underthe heat exchange as compared with the heat insulation chamber in whichthe heat exchange is not performed at all, and the temperature thus setis kept securely even under the environment that the outside temperatureof the cabinet 12 largely varies.

The principle of the cryostat according to the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 6.

The heat exchanging means 73 maintains the inner chamber at a cryogenictemperature that the electronic part 11 operates under control of thethermoregulator 72.

The cryostat configured as described above has the following functions.

A thermal conductivity of a coupling path and a radio transmission pathof signals transmitted between the electronic part 11 and the equipmentsor circuits disposed outside of the cabinet 12 is considerably small ascompared with that in the prior art having a coupling path formed of aconductor.

In other words, quantity of heat flowing in and out between the outsideof the cabinet 12 and the inner chamber decreases as compared with theprior art, so energy required for the heat exchange performed by theheat exchanging means 73 decreases.

An embodiment of the heat insulation chamber, the thermostatic chamber,and the cryostat according to the present invention will be describedwith reference to FIG. 7 to FIG. 15.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the first and seventh embodiments of thepresent invention.

In the drawing, parts having the same functions and configurations asthose shown in FIG. 16 are designated by the same reference numerals andtheir descriptions are omitted.

Differences of the configurations between this embodiment and the priorart shown in FIG. 16 are that the through holes 144-1 and 144-2 are notformed on the side walls of a cabinet 141, patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2are formed on two interior walls of the cabinet 141 facing each otherclosest to the input and output terminals of the electronic part 143 asshown in FIG. 8, ends of coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 are respectivelyconnected to feeding points of the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2, patchantennas 82-1 and 82-2 are disposed on two outer walls of the cabinet141, which are opposite to the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2, and ends ofcoaxial cables 83-1 and 83-2 are respectively connected to feedingpoints of the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2.

As to the correspondences of this embodiment to the components shown inFIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 6, the electronic part 143 corresponds to theelectronic part 11, the cabinet 141 corresponds to the cabinet 12, theantennas 82-1 and 82-2 correspond to the antennas 13 and 21, the patchantennas 81-1 and 81-2 and the coaxial cables 83-1 and 83-2 correspondto the coupling means 14 and 23, the cabinet 141, the coaxial cables145-1, 145-2, 83-1, and 83-2, and the patch antennas 81-1, 81-2, 82-1,and 82-2 correspond to the heat insulation chamber 71, a refrigeratingmachine 147 and a pipe 146 correspond to the thermoregulator 72, and acold head 142 corresponds to the heat exchanging means 73.

Operations of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 7and FIG. 8.

An input terminal of the electronic part 143, which is mounted on thetop of the cold head 142 and has its operating temperature kept at adesired cryogenic temperature by the refrigerating machine 147 throughthe cold head 142 and the pipe 146, receives desired radio signals fromcircuits disposed outside through the coaxial cable 83-1, the radiotransmission path formed between the patch antennas 82-1 and 81-1, andthe coaxial cable 145-1.

Radio signals output by the electronic part 143 according to such radiosignals are given to predetermined outside circuits through the coaxialcable 145-2, the radio transmission path formed between the patchantennas 81-2 and 82-2, and the coaxial cable 83-2.

These radio transmission paths are formed without the presence of a“medium having a high thermal conductivity” such as the inner or outerconductor of the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2. Therefore, heatquantity to be heat exchanged through the cold head 142 under control ofthe refrigerating machine 147 is decreased and the desired performanceis maintained in a stable condition as long as the medium presentrespectively between the patch antenna 82-1 and the patch antenna 81-1and the medium present between the patch antenna 81-2 and the patchantenna 82-2 have small thermal conductivity and the losses aretolerably small as a radio transmission path.

In this embodiment, on the side walls of the cabinet 141, the regionwhere the patch antennas 82-1 and 81-1 are facing each other and theregion where the patch antennas 81-2 and 82-2 are facing each other arefilled with a member that are non-conductive and the propagation loss ofthe above-described radio signals becomes a tolerably small value.However, where the propagation loss is to be decreased, dielectrics 91-1and 91-2 may be mounted in the space where the patch antennas 82-1 and81-1 are facing each other and the space where the patch antennas 81-2and 82-2 are facing each other as shown in a hatched area of FIG. 9 forexample.

In this embodiment, the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2 are mounted to facethe patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 through the side walls of the cabinet141. But, for example, by the through holes 144-1 and 144-2 being formedon the side walls of the cabinet 141, the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2being disposed together with the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 within theinner chamber 141A, and one end of the coaxial cables 83-1 and 83-2being extended to the outside of the cabinet 141 through the throughholes 144-1 and 144-2, the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 from thefeeding points of the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 to the input andoutput terminals of the electronic part 143 are shortened, overallcharacteristics of the electronic part 143 are improved, or theflexibility of arrangement within the inner chamber 141A may beimproved.

Besides, in this embodiment, the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2 aredisposed on the outer walls of the cabinet 141 but by being incorporatedas part of the circuit to be disposed outside of the cabinet 141, theelectronic part 143 containing the cabinet 141 can be fit and removedfreely, or flexibility of arranging components may be secured within atolerable range of the loss of the radio transmission.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the second embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the drawing, parts having the same functions and configurations asthose shown in FIG. 7 are designated by the same reference numerals andtheir descriptions are omitted.

Differences of the configurations between this embodiment and theembodiment shown in FIG. 7 are that the above-described through holes144-1 and 144-2 are formed, coupling modules 101-1 and 101-2 aredisposed instead of the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 in the vicinity ofthe regions where the through holes 144-1 and 144-2 are formed on theinterior walls of the cabinet 141, the coaxial cables 83-land 83-2 areextended to the outside of the cabinet 141 through the through holes144-1 and 144-2, and the through holes 144-1 and 144-2 are sealed withthe coaxial cables 83-1 and 83-2 passed through them.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of the coupling module.

In the drawing, the coupling module 101-1 (101-2) forms a passivecircuit formed on a circuit board 102-1 (102-2) as described afterwardas shown in FIG. 11(a).

A through hole 103-1 (103-2) is formed on the circuit board 102-1(102-2) so to interlock with the through hole 144-1 (144-2). Amongconductor sides of the circuit board 102-1 (102-2), an earth plane 104-1(104-2) is formed on one of the conductor side which is to be adhered tothe interior wall of the cabinet 141. On the other conductor side of thecircuit board 102-1 (102-2), a land 105-1 (105-2) disposed in thevicinity of the through hole 103-1 (103-2), the first strip line 106-1(106-2) ranging from the land 105-1 (105-2), the second strip line 107-1(107-2) disposed in parallel to the first strip line 106-1 (106-2), aland 108-1 (108-2) connected to one end of the second strip line 107-1(107-2), and an earth plane 109-1 (109-2) which is disposed in thevicinity of the lands 105-1 (105-2) and 108-1 (108-2) and connected tothe earth plane 104-1 (104-2) via a through hole (not shown) are formed.

One end of the coaxial cable 83-1 (83-2) is led into the inner chamber141A through the through holes 144-1 (144-2) and 103-1 (103-1 (103-2);the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial cable 83-1 (83-2) arerespectively soldered to the land 105-1 (105-2) and the region adjacentto the land 105-1 (105-2) in the earth plane 109-1 (109-2). Moreover,the inner and outer conductors at the other end of the coaxial cable145-1 (145-2) are respectively soldered to the land 108-1 (108-2) andthe region adjacent to the land 108-1 (108-2) in the earth plane 109-1(109-2).

The correspondences of this embodiment to the components shown in FIG. 3and FIG. 5 are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7except that the coupling modules 101-1 and 101-2 correspond to thecoupling means 32 and 43, the coaxial cables 83-1 and 83-2 correspond tothe conductor 42, and the land 105-1 (105-2) and the first strip line106-1 (106-2) correspond to the devices 31 and 41.

Operations of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.10 and FIG. 11.

In this embodiment, the coaxial cable 83-1 and the coaxial cable 145-1are statically coupled through a stray capacitance formed between thefirst strip line 106-1 which is connected to the inner conductor of thecoaxial cable 83-1 through the land 105-1 and the second strip line107-2 which is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable145-1 through the land 108-1.

The coaxial cable 83-2 and the coaxial cable 145-2 are staticallycoupled through a stray capacitance formed between the first strip line106-2 which is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable83-2 through the land 105-2 and the second strip line 107-2 which isconnected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 145-2 through theland 108-2.

These stray capacitances are all formed in the same way as the radiotransmission path in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 without the presenceof the “medium having a high thermal conductivity” such as the inner andouter conductors of the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2, so heat quantityto be heat exchanged by the cold head 142 under control of therefrigerating machine 147 is decreased, and the desired performance ismaintained in a stable condition as long as a thermal conductivity and aloss of the dielectric unique to the circuit board 102 are tolerablysmall.

In this embodiment, the transmission of signals between the circuitdisposed outside of the cabinet 141 and the electronic part 143 isachieved by static coupling.

Therefore, this embodiment can be achieved even when an occupied band ofthe signals are distributed only in a frequency band lower than theradio frequency band or includes such a low frequency band.

Moreover, this embodiment uses the stray capacitance formed between thefirst strip line 106-1 (106-2) and the second strip line 107-1 (107-2)formed on the circuit board 102-1 (102-2), but may use a discrete partas a capacitor instead of such stray capacitances as long as the staticcoupling is performed with a tolerably small loss in a desired band.

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the signals between thecircuit disposed outside of the cabinet 141 and the electronic part 143is achieved through a static coupling path having loose thermalcoupling, but it is not limited to the static coupling, and as long asdesired transfer characteristics in the occupied band of these signalscan be obtained, the first strip line 106-1 (106-2) and the second stripline 107-1 (107-2) may be formed as a pair of inductors to make mutuallyclose inductive coupling as shown in FIG. 11(b) for example.

Moreover, in this embodiment, the first strip line 106-1(106-2) isformed together with the second strip line 107-1 (107-2) on the circuitboard 102 and disposed in the inner chamber 141A, but the devicecorresponding to the first strip line 106-1 (106-2) may be disposedoutside of the cabinet 141 as long as the transmission of the signalscan be achieved securely by both or either of the static coupling andthe inducting coupling.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the third embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the drawing, parts having the same functions and configurations asthose shown in FIG. 7 are designated by the same reference numerals andtheir descriptions are omitted.

Differences of the configuration between this embodiment and theembodiment shown in FIG. 7 are that a cabinet 111 is used instead of thecabinet 141, an intermediate room 111A is formed between the outside ofthe cabinet 111 and an inner chamber 141A by the cabinet 111, and patchantennas 82-1 and 82-2 are disposed in the intermediate room 111A.

The correspondences of this embodiment to the components shown in FIG. 1and FIG. 2 are the same as the correspondences in the embodiment shownin FIG. 7 or FIG. 10 except that the partition formed by the cabinet 111between the inner chamber 141A and the intermediate room 111Acorresponds to the partitions 51-1 to 51-N.

Operations of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.12.

In this embodiment, since the intermediate room 111A is present betweenthe inner chamber 141A and the outside of the cabinet 111, heat quantityto be heat exchanged through the cold head 142 under control of therefrigerating machine 147 is decreased and the weight is lightened thehigher the level of the thermal conductivity the intermediate room 111Ahas as compared with the level of the thermal conductivity of a memberconfiguring the cabinet 111.

Furthermore, this embodiment has the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2disposed in the intermediate room 111A formed as a heat insulation layerof the inner chamber 141A.

Therefore, a dielectric and other members to be mounted between thepatch antennas 82-1 and 82-2 and the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 can bea variety of members suitable for environmental conditions (includingmediums) of either the inner chamber 141A or the intermediate room 111A.

In this embodiment, the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2 are disposed in theintermediate room 111A. But by these patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2 beingdisposed together with the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 in the innerchamber 141A, the length of coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 from thefeeding points of the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 to the input andoutput terminals of the electronic part 143 is shortened in the same wayas in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, and overall input-outputcharacteristics of the electronic part 143 or flexibility of arrangingthe layout in the inner chamber 141A may be improved.

This embodiment also forms a single intermediate room 111A between theinner chamber 141A and the outside of the cabinet 111, but when thevolume of the cabinet 111 is allowed to increase and the mechanicalstrength can be secured, stabilizing the operating temperature of theelectronic part 143 and decreasing heat quantity to be heat exchanged inorder to keep the operating temperature can be done by a plurality ofintermediate rooms being formed as outer layers of the inner chamber141A.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the fourth embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the drawing, parts having the same functions and configurations asthose shown in FIG. 12 are designated by the same reference numerals andtheir descriptions are omitted.

Differences between the configurations of this embodiment and that shownin FIG. 12 are that the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 are disposedtogether with the patch antennas 82-1 and 82-2 in the intermediate room11A, through holes 112-1 and 112-2 are formed between the intermediateroom 111A and the inner chamber 141A, and coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2are respectively connected to the feeding points of the patch antennas81-1 and 81-2 through the through holes 112-1 and 112-2.

The correspondences of this embodiment to the components shown in FIG. 1and FIG. 2 is the same as the correspondences in the embodiment shown inFIG. 7.

Operations of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.13.

In this embodiment, all the patch antennas 81-1, 81-2, 82-1, and 82-2are disposed in the intermediate room 111A, so restriction, which isimposed in order to fulfill adaptability to the environmental conditions(including mediums) of the inner chamber 141A, is eased on the members(including mechanisms and members used for mounting) configuring thepatch antennas 81-1, 81-2, 82-1, and 82-2 and dielectrics mountedbetween the patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 and between the patch antennas82-1 and 82-2. Therefore, it becomes possible to improve performance andreliability as well as making cost reductions and downsizing.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the fifth embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the drawing, parts having the same functions and configurations asthose shown in FIG. 7 are designated by the same reference numerals andtheir descriptions are omitted.

Differences of the configurations between this embodiment and that shownin FIG. 7 are that a partition 121 which is made of a conductor andexternally grounded is formed in an inner chamber 141A and that theinner chamber 141A is divided into two cells 141A-i and 141A-O whichrespectively include the input and output terminal of an electronic part143 by the partition 121.

As to the correspondences of this embodiment to the components shown inFIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the partition 121 corresponds to the partitions 51-1to 51-N, the cells 141A-i and 141A-O correspond to the cells 12A-1 to12A-n and 62-1 to 62-K, and the input and output terminals of theelectronic part 143 correspond to the terminals 61-1 to 61-K.

Operations of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.14.

The inner chamber 141A in which the electronic part 143 is accommodatedis divided by the partition 121 into two which are the cells 141A-i and141A-O where the input terminal and the output terminal of theelectronic part 143 are respectively disposed, and the partition 121 isgrounded outside of the cabinet 141.

In other words, coupling between the cells 141A-i and 141A-O is setloose by the partition 121.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, degradation of the performancedue to the above-described high coupling is eased or prevented even ifany of the following items have high values:

(a) the ratio between the level of signals transmitted through thecoaxial cable 145-1, and the level of signals transmitted through thecoaxial cable 145-2;

(b) the level of radio signals radiated from the outer and innerconductors of the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2;

(c) the level of the radio signals, among the radio signals radiatedfrom the patch antennas 82-1 and 81-2, which is reradiated or reflectedby the patch antennas 81-1 and 82-2 which are facing each other and thenradiated in a direction of other than the patch antennas 81-1 and 82-2.

In this embodiment, the interior wall of the inner chamber 141A is madeof non-conductive heat insulating material and ungrounded, but when theisolation between the cell 141A-i and the cell 141A-O must be furtherimproved, for example, a conductive film may be formed on the interiorwall by sputtering or other means and grounded together with thepartition 121.

Moreover, in this embodiment, the partition 121 is made of a conductorand grounded outside of the cabinet 141.

But, for example, when the electronic part 143 is two-dimensionallydisposed in a direction parallel to the top (it is assumed to be a planefor simplification) of the cold head 142 and comprises a plurality ofparts sharing predetermined functions and loads, the partition 121 maybe formed by a grid-like partitioning member for dividing the innerchamber 141A into a plurality of cells individually corresponding to theabove parts, and thermal coupling among these cells may be set loose,thus achieving load and function distribution upon activation,termination, and failure of the refrigerating machine 147, together withsecuring the desired performance and reliability.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the sixth embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the drawing, parts having the same functions and configurations asthose shown in FIG. 7 are designated by the same reference numerals andtheir descriptions are omitted.

Differences between the configurations of this embodiment and that shownin FIG. 7 are that an electronic part 143 has a casing 131 to cover itsouter surface, and coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 which are respectivelyconnected to the input and output terminal of the electronic part 143are pierced through the casing 131.

Correspondences of this embodiment to the components shown in FIG. 1 toFIG. 5 are the same as the correspondences in the embodiment shown inFIG. 7 except that the casing 131 corresponds to the casing 11A.

Operations of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.15.

In this embodiment, a cell 131A for covering the electronic part 143 bythe casing 131 is formed as a heat insulating layer in an inner chamber141A.

As long as one of the ends of the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2respectively are connected to the input terminal and the output terminalof the electronic part 143 and extended outside of the casing 131, heatquantity to be the heat exchanged through the cold head 142 is decreasedand the operating temperature is maintained in a stable condition in aheat protection configuration achieved by the inner chamber 141A and thecell 131A formed in duplex structure with respect to the outside of thecabinet 141.

Moreover, in this embodiment, the electronic part 143 is easily fittedwithout being removed from the casing 131 and operates in a stablecondition without having its characteristics and performanceunnecessarily deteriorated in due to the removal as long as the coaxialcables 145-1 and 145-2 are previously extended to the outside of thecasing 131 or one of the ends of the cables 145-1 and 145-2 areconnected to the corresponding input and output terminals via throughholes or notches formed on the casing 131.

Therefore, according to the embodiment, by the casing 131 unique to theelectronic part 143 being effectively used, the operating temperatureand performance of the electronic part 143 are maintained highinexpensively.

The seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described withreference to FIG. 7.

The patch antennas 81-1 and 81-2 are configured as a microstrip antenna(MSA) which has the maximum gain in the occupied bands of the signals tobe given to the input terminal and the signals to be output through theoutput terminal of the electronic part 143.

And, the coaxial cables 145-1 and 145-2 have their length andcharacteristic impedance determined previously to configure a reactiveelement having the maximum overall gain in the above-described occupiedband by combining input impedance and output impedance of the electronicpart 143.

In other words, in the precedent stage and the subsequent stage of theelectronic part 143, filters are formed as a combination of the coaxialcable 83, the patch antennas 82-1 and 81-2 and the coaxial cable 145-1and a combination of the coaxial cable 145-2, the patch antennas 81-2and 82-2 and the coaxial cable 83-2 and respectively restrict the bandsof the input and output signals to the occupied bands of these signals.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the components of the inputsignals which may be unnecessarily processed by the electronic part 143and spurious and other undesired components among the components of theoutput signals are suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio andperformance are improved.

In the respective embodiments described above, the cryostat to keep theoperating temperature of the electronic part 143 at a cryogenictemperature under control of the refrigerating machine 147 connectedthrough the pipe 146 is configured. But, the present invention is notlimited to such a cryostat but can also be applied to, for example, athermostatic chamber keep the operating temperature of the electronicpart 143 at a desired temperature even in an environment that thetemperature outside of the cabinet 141 is variable.

Besides, in the respective embodiments described above, the heat isexchanged between liquid helium circulating through the pipe 146 undercontrol of the refrigerating machine 147 and the inner chamber 141A andthe electronic part 143 mounted on the top of the cold head 142.

But, when “thermal conductivity where the operating temperature of theelectronic part 143 is maintained in a desired range under thedistribution of the outside temperature” can be obtained between theoutside of the cabinets 111, 141 and the inner chamber 141A with thematerial, shape and size of the cabinets 111 and 141, the described heatexchange may not be performed at all, a simple post can be providedinstead of the cold head 142, and the pipe 146 and the refrigeratingmachine 147 may be omitted.

Furthermore, in the respective embodiments described above, the interiorof the inner chamber 141A is maintained under vacuum in order to preventdewfall, but the interior of the inner chamber 141A need not bemaintained under vacuum or may be filled with gas or other mediums whenthe relation in size or difference between the operating temperatureadapted to the electronic part 143 and the outside temperature of thecabinet 141 is appropriate.

In addition, in the embodiments described above, the cabinets 111 and141 are made of a non-conductive heat insulating material but may bemade of conductors when the inner chamber 141A or the electronic part143 is required to be electromagnetically shielded from the outside withthe desired thermal conductivity secured.

Besides, in the respective embodiments described above, the cabinets 111and 141 are formed in a substantial rectangular box shape, but, when theelectromagnetic shielding against the outside is not required or even ifit is required, the cabinets 111 and 141 may be made of conductors orheat insulating materials having a polyhedral or cylindrical shape withan opening formed on a desired side when operated with the openingsealed with a conductor by being housed in a rack, shelf or othercabinets.

And, in the respective embodiments described above, the coaxial cables145-1 and 145-2 with an inner conductor suitable for unbalancedtransmission are connected to the input and output terminals of theelectronic part 143. But, a coaxial cable with two inner conductors maybe used when the input and/or output terminal(s)is/are suitable forbalanced transmission. And, a single inner conductor cable may be usedwhen radiation to the inner chamber 141A or inductive or static couplingof the inner chamber 141A is permissible like a digital transmissionline with low impedance is.

Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the embodimentsdescribed above, and a variety of types of embodiments can be appliedand all or part of the components may be changed in any way withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A heat insulation chamber, comprising: a cabinetwhich forms an inner chamber for accommodating an electronic part, saidcabinet made of heat insulating material; and coupling means that isdisposed in said inner chamber or said cabinet, connected to saidelectronic part and forms a radio transmission path to an antennadisposed outside of said cabinet.
 2. A heat insulation chamber accordingto claim 1, wherein: said cabinet forms a partition between said outsideand said inner chamber for accommodating said electronic part; and saidcoupling means is disposed together with said electronic part in saidinner chamber.
 3. A heat insulation chamber according to claim 1,wherein: said cabinet forms a partition between said outside and saidinner chamber for accommodating said electronic part; and said couplingmeans is disposed in a region sandwiched between an outer wall of saidcabinet and an interior wall of said inner chamber.
 4. A heat insulationchamber according to claim 1, wherein said inner chamber is formed as anaggregate of a plurality n of cells respectively including subdomainswhich are formed by dividing a region where said electronic part is tobe mounted.
 5. A heat insulation chamber according to claim 1, wherein:said coupling means is configured as an aggregate of a plurality K ofcoupling means which are individually connected to a plurality K ofterminals of said electronic part and disposed in said inner chamber;and said inner chamber is formed as an aggregate of a plurality K ofcells having pairs of said plurality K of terminals and said plurality Kof coupling means individually disposed and is divided by a conductorwhich is grounded outside.
 6. A heat insulation chamber according toclaim 1, wherein said coupling means has a filtering characteristicwhich has a pass band in an occupied band of signals to be transmittedbetween said electronic part and the outside through said couplingmeans.
 7. A thermostatic chamber, comprising: a cabinet which forms aninner chamber for accommodating an electronic part, said cabinet made ofheat insulating material; coupling means that is disposed in said innerchamber or said cabinet, connected to said electronic part and forms aradio transmission path to an antenna disposed outside of said cabinet;and a heat exchanging means that performs heat exchange with said innerchamber formed in the cabinet under control of a thermoregulator whichmaintains an operating temperature of the electronic part accommodatedinto said cabinet.
 8. A cryostat, comprising: a cabinet which forms aninner chamber for accommodating an electronic part, said cabinet made ofheat insulating material; coupling means that is disposed in said innerchamber or said cabinet, connected to said electronic part and forms aradio transmission path to an antenna disposed outside of said cabinet;and a heat exchanging means that performs heat exchange with said innerchamber formed in the cabinet under control of a thermoregulator whichmaintains cryogenic temperature that the electronic part accommodated insaid cabinet is to operate at.
 9. A cabinet capable of maintaining itsinside at a predetermined temperature, for accommmodating an electronicpart which operates at said predetermined temperature, comprising: firstcoupling means that is connected to an external electric circuit; secondcoupling means that is disposed in the inside of said cabinet, isconnected to said electronic part, and forms a coupling path to saidfirst coupling means, without directly connecting with said firstcoupling means; and an inner chamber for accommodating said electronicpart formed in the cabinet's inside, the inner chamber being capable ofbeing maintained at said predetermined temperature.
 10. A cabinetcapable of maintaining its inside at a predetermined temperature, foraccommodating an electronic part which operates at said predeterminedtemperature, comprising: first coupling means that is connected to anexternal electric circuit, second coupling means that is disposed in theinside of said cabinet, is connected to said electric part, and forms acoupling path to said first coupling means, without directly connectingwith said first coupling means, and an inner chamber for accommodatingsaid electronic part formed in the cabinet's inside, the inner chamberbeing capable of being maintained at said predetermined temperature,wherein: said first coupling means is an antenna disposed outside ofcabinet; said second coupling means is an antenna disposed in the insideof said cabinet; and said coupling path is a radio transmission pathformed between the two antennas.
 11. A cabinet capable of maintainingits inside at a predetermined temperature, for accommodating anelectronic part which operates at said predetermined temperature,comprising; first coupling means that is connected to an externalelectric circuit, second coupling means that is disposed in the insideof said cabinet, is connected to said electric part, and forms acoupling path to said first coupling means without directly connectingwith said first coupling means, and an inner chamber for accommodatingsaid electronic part formed in the cabinet's inside, the inner chamberbeing capable of being maintained at said predetermined temperature,wherein: said first and second coupling means are each an antennadisposed in the inside of said cabinet; and said coupling path is aradio transmission path formed between the two antennas.
 12. A cabinetcapable of maintaining its inside at a pretermined temperature, foraccommodating an electronic part which operates at said predeterminedtemperature, comprising: first coupling means that is connected to anexternal electric circuit, second coupling means that is disposed in theinside of said cabinet, is connected to said electric part, and forms acoupling path to said first coupling means, without directly connectingwith said first coupling means, and an inner chamber for accommodatingsaid electronic part formed in the cabinet's inside, the inner chamberbeing capable of being maintained at said predetermined temperature,wherein: said first and second coupling means are each strip lines on asame circuit board disposed in the inside of said cabinet; and saidcoupling path is a coupling path formed between the two strip lines,formed for static coupling and/or inductive coupling.
 13. A cabinetcapable of maintaining its inside at a predetermined temperature, foraccommodating an electronic part which operates at said predeterminedtemperature, comprising: first coupling means that is connected to anexternal electric circuit, second coupling means that is disposed in theinside of said cabinet, is connected to said electric part, and forms acoupling path to said first coupling means, without directly connectingwith said first coupling means, and an inner chamber for accommodatingsaid electronic part formed in the cabinet's inside, the inner chamberbeing capable of being maintained at said predetermined temperature,wherein: said first coupling means is a strip line disposed on a circuitboard; said second coupling means is a strip line on said circuit boarddisposed in the inside of said cabinet; and said coupling path is acoupling path formed between the two strip lines, formed by staticcoupling and/or inductive coupling.
 14. A cabinet according to claim 9,wherein said cabinet is made of heat insulating material; and said firstcoupling means, comprising: an antenna that is disposed in said innerchamber or said cabinet; and a feeder which leads the feeding point ofsaid antenna to the outside of said cabinet; wherein said secondcoupling means having a feeding point which is connected to saidelectronic part and forms a radio transmission path to said antenna. 15.A cabinet according to claim 9, wherein said cabinet is made of heatinsulating material; and said second coupling means forms a couplingpath with said external circuit disposed outside of said cabinet bystatic coupling and/or inductive coupling.
 16. A cabinet according toclaim 9, wherein said cabinet is made of heat insulating material; andsaid first coupling means, comprising: a device that is disposed in saidinner chamber or said cabinet; a conductor which leads the terminal ofsaid device to the outside of said cabinet; wherein said second couplingmeans forms a coupling path with said device by static coupling and/orinductive coupling.